کتاب Network-Certification زبان اصلی

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http://aslansoft.persiangig.com/document/net-certification.zip
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تهیه کننده گان این کتاب:

Acquisitions Editor: Thomas Pohlmann
Project Editor: Karen Szall
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Cable Topologies

As explained in Chapter 1, "Networking Basics," the topology of a network is the pattern used to connect the computers and other devices with the cable or other network medium. The Network+ exam always contains questions about the basic network topologies and their properties. The topology of your network is directly related to the type of cable you use. You cannot select a particular type of cable and install it using just any topology. However, you can create individual LANs using a different cable and topology for each LAN and connect them together using devices such as bridges, switches, and routers. When choosing the components with which to build a LAN, the topology should be one of the most important criteria you use to select a cable type. The three primary topologies used to build LANs are as follows:

• Bus
• Star
• Ring

You should also be familiar with the following additional topologies:

• Hierarchical star
• Mesh
• Wireless

The Star Topology

Whereas the bus topology has the computers in a network connected directly to each other, the star topology uses a central cabling nexus called a hub or concentrator. In a star network, each computer is connected to the hub using a separate cable, as shown in Figure 2.2. Most of the Ethernet LANs installed today, and many LANs using other protocols as well, use the star topology. Star LANs can use several different cable types, including various types of twisted-pair and fiber optic cable.

Figure 2.2  The star topology uses an individual connection for each 

computer to provide a greater measure of fault tolerance than the bus topology

The unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables used on most Ethernet LANs are usually installed using a star topology. Functionally, a star network uses a shared network medium, just as a bus network does. Despite the fact that each computer connects to the hub with its own cable, the hub propagates all signals entering through its ports out through all of its other ports. Signals transmitted by one computer are therefore received by all other computers on the LAN.

The main advantage of the star topology is that each computer has its own dedicated connection to the hub, providing the network with a measure of fault tolerance. If a single cable or connector should fail, only the computer connected to the hub by that cable is affected. The disadvantage of the star topology is that an additional piece of hardware, the hub, is required to implement it. If the hub should fail, the entire network goes down. However, this is a relatively rareoccurrence because hubs are relatively simple devices that are usually found in a protected environment, such as a data center or server closet.